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RELATED APPLICATIONS The present patent document claims the benefit of the filing date under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of Provisional U.S.
Patent Application Ser. 60/903,116, filed Feb. 23, 2007, which is hereby incorporated by reference. FIELD The present invention relates to the field of diagnostics. More particularly, the invention disclosed herein is directed to methods, compositions, and kits for detecting nucleic acids, polynucleotides, pathogens, toxins, or other agents or factors that are desirably detected or measured.
BACKGROUND There is a great need to detect and quantify various molecular species, such as polynucleotides, polypeptides, carbohydrates, lipids, and small molecules. For example, current methods of detecting a polynucleotide, such as those associated with pathogens, pathogen infection, human genes associated with diseases and disorders, altered physiology or physiological conditions, genetically modified organisms (GMOs, i.e., organisms with transgenic DNA), biowarfare agents, veterinary applications, and agricultural applications presently rely on complex methods, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), or branched DNA (bDNA). These methods require skilled personnel and specialized equipment. Further, the methods are generally incapable of determining the presence or quantity of polynucleotides in crude cell and tissue extracts. There are similar difficulties in the existing immunoassays for detecting antigens. In formula (II), independently at each occurrence, R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from C 1-C 6 alkyl, C 2-C 6 alkenyl, and C 2-C 6 alkynyl; R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-C 6 alkyl, C 2-C 6 alkenyl, and C 2-C 6 alkynyl, C 6-C 10 aryl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, carbonyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and amino groups; n is 1 or 2; R 4 and R 9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-C 6 alkyl, C 2-C 6 alkenyl, C 2-C 6 alkynyl, C 6-C 10 aryl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, halo, carbonyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and amino groups. In a further embodiment, the dye is a compound that is represented by the formula (III), or a salt or ester thereof.
Where X- is an anion. More preferably, the anion is a halogen; yet more preferably, the anion is iodide. In one embodiment of formula (I, II, and III), n is 0. In another embodiment of formula (I, II, and III), n is 1. In another embodiment of formula (I, II, and III), n is 2. In yet another embodiment of formula (I, II, and III), n is 3.
In one embodiment of formula (I, II, and III), R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl. In another embodiment of formula (I, II, and III), R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, and heteroalkynyl.
In another embodiment of formula (I, II, and III), R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl. In another embodiment of formula (I, II, and III), R 1 and R 2 are each independently alkyl. In one embodiment of formula (I, II, and III), R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, and heteroalkynyl. In one embodiment of formula (I, II, and III), R 3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl. In one embodiment of formula (I, II, and III), R 3 is alkyl.
The compounds in the following list are within the scope of formulas (I-III. Marilyn manson mechanical animals full album torrent free.
Abstract In children with structurally normal hearts, the mechanisms of arrhythmias are usually the same as in the adult patient. Some arrhythmias are particularly associated with young age and very rarely seen in adult patients. Arrhythmias in structural heart disease may be associated either with the underlying abnormality or result from surgical intervention. Chronic haemodynamic stress of congenital heart disease (CHD) might create an electrophysiological and anatomic substrate highly favourable for re-entrant arrhythmias. As a general rule, prescription of antiarrhythmic drugs requires a clear diagnosis with electrocardiographic documentation of a given arrhythmia. Risk–benefit analysis of drug therapy should be considered when facing an arrhythmia in a child. Prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy is given only to protect the child from recurrent supraventricular tachycardia during this time span until the disease will eventually cease spontaneously. In the last decades, radiofrequency catheter ablation is progressively used as curative therapy for tachyarrhythmias in children and patients with or without CHD. Even in young children, procedures can be performed with high success rates and low complication rates as shown by several retrospective and prospective paediatric multi-centre studies.
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