0.02% 4245 0.02%. 1926 0.01% 1923 0.01%. Flyff v19 official filesharefanatic free.
The reconstitution of social and intellectual being that comprised the goal of the new Soviet authorities following their seizure of political power in late 1917 signalled a fundamental campaign for literacy. The process of learning to read was commenced in a traditional way, i.e.
Through school lessons and by illustrated primer ( azbuka/bukvar) in which letter, word and image were text. In the attempt to instill a socialist consciousness in every adult and child ‘HOW’ and ‘WHAT’ to read took on new significance. Just as the Cyrillic alphabet was reformed so too were the primers, with content and meanings being radically altered. It is the actuality and process of this transformation over the first fifteen years of Sovietised Russia and as revealed through four illustrated primers, that is the subject of this paper. Keywords: Azbuka; Bukvar; Primer; Literacy; Illustrated.
Notes: L. Ershova, V. Semenikhin, Dmitriy Fomin, Detskaya illyustrirovannaya kniga v istorii rossii 1881-1939 iz kollektsii Aleksandra Lur’e, Moscow, Uley, 2009; Albert Lemmens, Serge Stommels, Russian Artists and the Children’s Book 1890-1992, Nijmegen, LS, 2009. See also, for example, Evgeny Steiner, Stories for Little Comrades. Revolutionary Artists and the Making of Early Soviet Children’s Books, Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1999; Julian Rothenstein, Olga Budashevskaya (eds.), Inside the Rainbow: Russian Children’s Literature 1920-1935: Beautiful Books, Terrible Times, London, Redstone Press, 2013. See the useful but minimal coverage in L. Ershova et al.
Detskaya, op. cit., vol. 1, 228-9. For an indication of the range, see Azbuki, bukvari i knigi dlya chteniya c. 1918-1930 and c. 1931-1940 gg., K. D. Rukovodstvo po ekspluatacii traktora t 150. Ushinskiy Nauchnaya Pedagogicheskaya Biblioteka, website: (accessed ).
Russia is the largest country in the world, with an area spanning more than 17 million km 2. Her population, according to the official statistics (as of 1 January 2014), is 143 666 931 people (which is the ninth place in the world). Children under the age of 18 make for approximately 19.1% of Russia’s population (27 374 352). This population is spread extremely unevenly over her huge territory: 72.2% of Russians live in the European part of the country, which comprises only 25% of the whole territory. The Moscow region has the highest population density among all other regions, with more than 4626 persons/km 2. The least density belongs to the Chukotka Autonomous Region, with less than 0.07 persons/km 2.
Involving society into healthcare activities. The issues of maternal and child health have received special attention in the Soviet healthcare system from its very beginning, adult and child healthcare were separated, and special highly qualified child doctors (paediatricians) were being trained. For the first time in the world, medical faculties of universities began the training of child doctors in 1930 in the USSR. Paediatric education included special hours for teaching all medical subjects (anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, etc) as applied specifically to children. The outpatient polyclinic was (and still is) the main place for the protection of children’s health (the central figure is the district paediatrician). Child polyclinics deliver all preventive and therapeutic activities (including vaccination and health monitoring), and if necessary the child can be directed for inpatient treatment to child hospitals, then depending on the situation, he or she either returns back to be observed by the local paediatrician or is sent to the next stage—sanatorium/resort rehabilitation.
Blog Posts
linxdera.netlify.com© 2019